Single Inheritance

NITIN GUPTA

 In today’s tutorial, we are going to learn about Single inheritance in Python. Before discussing the concept of inheritance in Python, we should have some knowledge about the word itself. Inheritance means to receive something from one’s parents or ancestors. The concept of inheritance is very similar in cases of classes where a class inherits all the properties and methods of its previous class that it is inheriting from.

“Inheritance is the ability to define a new class(child class) that is a modified version of an existing class(parent class)”

Syntax:

class Parent_class_Name:
#Parent_class code block
class Child_class_Name(Parent_class_name):
#Child_class code block

The above syntax consists of two classes declared. One is the parent class or by other means, the base class, and the other one is the child class which acts as the derived class.

Two common terms related to inheritance are as follows:

  • Parent: The parent class is the one that is giving access to its methods or properties to the child class or derived class.
  • Child: Child class is the one that is inheriting methods and properties from the parent class.

The class that is inheriting, i.e., the child class, can inherit all the functionality of the parent class and add its functionalities also. As we have already discussed that each class can have its constructors and methods, so in case of inheritance the child class can make and use its constructor and also can use the constructor of the parent class. We can simply construct it as we did for the parent class but OOP has provided us with a simple and more useful solution known as Super().

We will be discussing super() and overriding in our Super() and Overriding In Classes tutorial of the course.

Single inheritance exists when a class is only derived from a single base class. Or in other words when a child class is using the methods and properties of only a single parent class then single inheritance exists. Single inheritance and Multiple inheritance are very similar concepts, the only major difference is the number of classes. We will see Multiple Inheritance in our next tutorial.

Different forms of Inheritance:

  1. Single inheritance: When a child class inherits from only one parent class then it is called single inheritance.
  2. Multiple inheritance: When a child class inherits from multiple parent classes then it is called multiple inheritance

Below is an example of single inheritance in Python.

class Parent():
    def first(self):
        print('Parent function')
        
class Child(Parent):
    def second(self):
        print('Child function')

object1 = Child()
object1.first()
object1.second()

Output: 

Parent function
Child function

Advantages of Inheritance:

  • It increases the code’s reusability as we do not have to copy the same code again to our new class.
  • It makes the program more efficient.
  • We can add more features to our already built class without modifying it or changing its functionality.
  • It provides a representation of real-world relationships.

In this tutorial, we have discussed the Inheritance concept. Inheritance is among the most significant concepts in object-oriented programming technique which provides code reusability, readability and helps in building optimized and efficient code.

Code as described/written in the video


class Employee:
    no_of_leaves = 8

    def __init__(self, aname, asalary, arole):
        self.name = aname
        self.salary = asalary
        self.role = arole

    def printdetails(self):
        return f"The Name is {self.name}. Salary is {self.salary} and role is {self.role}"

    @classmethod
    def change_leaves(cls, newleaves):
        cls.no_of_leaves = newleaves

    @classmethod
    def from_dash(cls, string):
        return cls(*string.split("-"))

    @staticmethod
    def printgood(string):
        print("This is good " + string)


class Programmer(Employee):
    no_of_holiday = 56
    def __init__(self, aname, asalary, arole, languages):
        self.name = aname
        self.salary = asalary
        self.role = arole
        self.languages = languages


    def printprog(self):
        return f"The Programmer's Name is {self.name}. Salary is {self.salary} and role is {self.role}.The languages are {self.languages}"



harry = Employee("Harry", 255, "Instructor")
rohan = Employee("Rohan", 455, "Student")

shubham = Programmer("Shubham", 555, "Programmer", ["python"])
karan = Programmer("Karan", 777, "Programmer", ["python", "Cpp"])
print(karan.no_of_holiday)

Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

HOW IMPORT WORKS IN PYTHON?

NITIN GUPTA
  How does the import keyword work? When we write a certain module name along with the  import  keyword, it will start searching for a file with that name having an extension  .py . After finding the file, it will import it into our program, which means that it will permit our program to use the functions of the certain module we imported. We can import a module named  “sys”  to see the path that our import statement takes while searching for a module. import sys print ( sys . path ) Copy sys.path  prints out a list of directories. When we tell Python to import something, then it looks in each of the listed locations in order.  A common mistake that most of the beginners do and also the primary reason for making this tutorial is, why can’t we name our file, the same as the name of a module. The reason is associated with the path. When we give our file a name same as the name of a module, then instead of importing the original module, the system ...
Read more

Exercise 5: Health Management System

NITIN GUPTA
  Exercise#5 The task is to create a " Health Management System ." Suppose you are a fitness trainer and nutritionist. You have to deal with three clients, i.e., (Harry, Rohan, Hammad). For each client, you have to design their exercise and diet plan. Instructions: Create a food log file for each client Create an exercise log file for each client. Ask the user whether they want to log or retrieve client data. Write a function that takes the user input of the client's name. After the client's name is entered, it will display a message as "What you want to log- Diet or Exercise". Use function def getdate ( ) : import datetime return datetime . datetime . now ( ) Copy The purpose of this function is to give time with every record of food or exercise added in the file. Write a function to retrieve exercise or food file records for any client. You are advised to participate in solving this problem. This task helps you to become a good pr...
Read more

*args and **kwargs In Python

NITIN GUPTA
  Before discussing *args and **kwargs, we should have a basic knowledge about types of arguments. In Python programming, there are two types of arguments that can be passed in a function. positional arguments keyword arguments Positional arguments  are the one in which an order has to be followed while passing arguments. We have been dealing with them until now. We know how normal functions work with positional arguments, so now we will directly start exploring keyword arguments. But to understand them, we have to know about asterisk or more commonly known in Perl 6 and ruby as a splat operator.  Asterisk is used in python as a mathematical symbol for multiplication, but in case of arguments, it refers to unpacking. The unpacking could be for a list, tuple, or a dictionary. We will discover more about it by defining *args and **kwargs. *args: args is a short form used for arguments. It is used to unpack an argument. In the case of *args, the argument could be a list or t...
Read more